Nitrification is the biological formation of nitrate from sequentially oxidizing ammonium with the intermediate formation of nitrite. Those two oxidative reactions are catalyzed by ammonium oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers. The stoichiometric equation for the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite by ammonium oxidizers is as follows :
The Isoelectric Point (pI) is the pH at which any given protein has an equal number of positive and negative charges, in other word the protein has no charge or neutral. At a pH below the isoelectric point, proteins carry a net positive charge, and above the Isoelectric Point protein has a net negative charge.
This method is able to separate DNA fragments with the size of as small as 10 bp and up to 1 kb with the resolution of as little as 1 bp. While agarose gel electrophoresis is only able to separate DNA fragments with the bigger size that PAGE does or in the size range of …
Biosurfactants can be quantified by surface and interfacial tension. This is a generic quantitation and thus does not distinguish among different types of surfactants that may be present. Biosurfactants can be compared in terms of the amount they reduce surface or interfacial tension, and the critical micelle concentration (cmc), which is the lowest surfactant concentration …
After the initial characterization, it is possible to purify further some or all of the plasmid DNAs by RNase digestion and extraction with organic solvents. This further purified DNA is suitable for techniques such as DNA sequencing, subcloning or the production of gene probes. In order to purify plasmid DNA after the isolation process, any …
You can extract nucleic acids, such as DNA, from bone samples in order to analyze gene expressions, to look for somatic mutations of tumors or other pathological tissue, or for genotyping archive material when other sources of DNA are not available. You can use several kits that have already provided by biotech companies. But, if …
RNA can be extracted from blood since whole blood contains nucleated white cells that constitute an easily accessible source. RNA extraction from blood will be more successful if the nucleated white cells are first isolated from the red cells since the red cells are a rich source of ribonucleases that are able to degrade RNA. …